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J. M. W. LONGiz J. B. FISCHER.

MANUFACTURE OF SHOVELS.

No. 350,067. Patented Sept. 28, 1886.

UNITED STATES JOHN M. \V. LONG AND JOSEPH l3.

A ENT 5 FFICEQ FlStllllClt. OF l'l.\ MILTON. OH'lO.

$PECIFICATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 350,067, datedSeptember 28, 1886.

Application tiled March 29, i886.

f0 all whom it may c0nccrn:

Be it known that we, Jou'N Ml". LONG and JOSEPH B. FISCHER, of Hamilton,Butler county, Ohio, have invented certain new and useful improvementsin the Manufacture of Hoes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention pertains to improvements in the art of manufacturing thatclass of agricultural hoes known as shank-hoes. In shankhoes the bladeof the hoe has a solid shank projecting from it, the handle of the hoebe ing attached to the shank in some cases by the shank being insertedin the handle, and in other cases by a socket being welded or otherwiseattached to the extremity of the shank.

The technology of the 'art of hoe-making is not by any means wellcstablished,and we think it proper before proceeding with detaileddescription of our improvements to note the definitions which we intendshall apply to cer tain terms liable to be frequently used in thedetailed description.

In the execution of our improvements we cut certaiushaped pieces .t'romflat plates or bars of metal. The pieces thus out out we herein term theplanchets, and the act of cuttingtheni out we herein term planchct ing.These planchets are then rolled or 0th erwise treated to increase theirwidth without materially increasing their length, the. shank at the sametime being at least fairly formed. The planchets inthis condition weherein term the "blooms, and the act of rolling or otherwise extendingthe planchcts widthwise we herein t'erni "bloomingfl The blooms are thenrolled or otherwise treated to extend their bodies lengthwise withoutmaterially increasing their width. The blooms in this condition weherein term the hoe-blanks, and the act 01' extending the bloomslengthwise we herein term plating. Vhen the hoeblanks are trimmed toshape, the shanks bent, and the polishing done, the hoe is complete andready for the handle.

Our improvements will be readily understood lrom the followingdescription, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, inwhich Figure l is a perspective view of the bar of metal from which theplanchets are cut, two

Serial No. 'lfltim't tl. (No model.)

01' the planchets being shown dissected; Fig. 2, a top view of a similarbar lined out to indicate the. cuttings in the act of plancheting, thisfigure being upon a smaller scale than Fig. '1; Fig. 3,11 plan or topview of one oi. the planchets, shown, howevcnas having a parallel shank;Fig. 4, a plan ortop view of a bloom with the shank drawn out; and Fig.5 a plan or top view of a hoeblank. It should be understood thatFig. 33represents a planehet, Fig. t a bloom, and Fig. 5 a hoe-blank.

In the drawings, indicates a llat bar oi" metal having a thickness equalat least to the thickness of the shank ot the completed hoe; l planehetscut therefrom and having the t'orm ot' a body provided with a shank; (t,the body of a planchct, the same being of such dimeusions as wiil,atterblooming and plating, result in a hoe-blank of a size adapted to betrimmed to the desired size of hoe-blade; D, the shank of thep'lanchet,thesame projecting centrally from one edge of the body, and having alength equal to the length of the body ot' the planehet, the length ofthe body ot' the planchet being its shorter side dimension; E, in Figs.1V and 2, alternate ones ot' the planchets asthey arecut from the. bar,beginning with the one next at'ter the tirst one formed from the bar, F,the shank of the bloom or of the hoe-blank, the same being formed fromthe shank ot' the planchet by operations which lengthen and round up theshank; (i, thebody of the bloom, the same resulting from the thinningand widthwisc extending ot' the body of the plan chet; ll, the bodyolthe hoe-blank, thesame resulting from the plating or lengthwiseextending and thinning of the body of the bloom; J, iillcts at the pointwhere the shank joins the body 01" the bloom orhoc-blank; K, thatportion of the shank falling within the boundary of the bloom orhoe-blank; L, the heel of the bloom or hoe-blank, and M the toe edge ofthe bloom or hoeblank.

The planchets are cut from the bar in an ordinary punching-machine whosepunch and die have the form of the planchet. The end of the bar is firstpresented to one of the sides of the punch, which cuts the end of thebar into the form indicated at the right-hand end of Fig. 2. This is amore preparatory operation, and is performed only once with each newbar. The bar is then placed under the punch with the end of the barprojecting beyond the side of the punch a distance equal to the width ofthe body of the planchet. WVhen the punch descends,it will punch out aplanchet, and the end of the bar projecting sidewise beyond the punchwill of course fall off, thus producing two planchets at each stroke ofthe punch, and this without any reversing of the bar. Thus it will beseen that the alternate planchets are punched out of the bar, while theintermediate planchets are freed by the punching act. The planchets mayof course be cut from wide plates of metal; but it is far preferableto'slit the wide plate into bars. In either case there is no waste ofstoclgexcept at the fag ends of the bars and at the initial end wherethe. preliminary cut referred to is made. The planchets are then heatedand the shanks are drawn in the usual manner, generally under drops orhammers or between dies. The planchets are then ready for blooming,which act consists in drawing the bodies out sidewise, considerablythinning the met-a1, except at the shank. This blooming may be done byhammer-drawing; but it is preferably done by passing the planchet, whilehot, sidewise through rolls fitted with recesses to permit thetransverse passage of the shank without being thinned. The bloom thenappears as in Fig. 4, the body having a width equal to the width of theblade of the complete hoe, but having much greater thickness and muchless length than such a blade.- The bloom is then, while hot, plated outinto a hoe-blank, as shown in Fig. 5, by process of hammering, or,preferably, rolling. This operation completes the thinning of the bodymetal and extends the bodylengthwise,and 1)IO(1UC( s a hoe-blank readyfor trimming, &c.

In Fig. 3 the planchet is shown as having the side edges of its bodyparallel, as are also the side edges of the shank, while in Figs. 1 and2 the planchets have the side edges of the body narrowing toward thetoe, while the side edges of the shank narrow toward the body. If theplanchet be of the parallel form indicated in Fig. 3, it willproduce abloom whose outline is indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 4that is,the body of the bloom will be very much narrower at its heel than at itstoe. This The fillet J will also be heavy and rather extensive. Thebloom thus made from a planchet having parallel. body and shank willplate into a hoeblank having a form indicated in a general way by thedot-ted lines in Fig. 5, where again we find a narrow heel to the bodyand a heavy fillet. A hoe-blank of the form indicated by the dottedlines cannot be trimmed to form so large a hoe as would be the case werethe bee blank of the form indicated by the full lines, and the presenceof the fillets will cause much trouble in trimming, as these parts haveto be trimmed by the sharp corners of trimmingpunches. By narrowing theshank of the planchet where it joinsthe body much of this filleting inthe bloom and hoe-blank is avoided. I

By Widening the body of the planchet at its heel we compensate for themetal left in the shank at K, and thus avoid the'heel ward narrowing ofthe bloom and hoe-blank, and are able to produce blooms and hoe-blanksof the form indicated by main outlines in Figs. 4 and .5, respectively,thus enabling us to get the greatest width of hoe-blade out of the givenamount of metal in the planehets.

WVe claim as our inven.tion- 1. The improved planchet for use in themanufacture of hoes, formed with a body and a shank of equal thickness,the shank project ing centrally from the heel of the body and having alength equal to the length of the body, substantially as and for thepurpose set v forth.

2. A hoe-blank formed from a shanked/sh eet- .inetal planchet, whosebody is broadened at the heel and whose shank is narrowed at thejuncture with the body, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The method herein'deseribed of cutting 9 blanks from metal plate tothe form or shape shownthat is to say, blanks having angular outlines,the blade slightly broader at the heel than at the point, the tangslightly broader at the extremity than at the heel, by adopting lines ofcut to be followed by the cutters, which shall lead to the productionin. contiguous blanks, andby the process of division of accuratelydefined edges of such particularlyshaped blanks, and all of thissubstantially without waste of material.

7 JOHN M. W. LONG.

JOSEPH B. FISCHER.

lVitnesses':

XVA TER S. Baon, W. A. SEWARD.

